1963-1988

**Most Important Events:**
 * 1963-1988** **Most Important People:**
 * 1) **Lyndon Johnson**
 * 2) **Richard Nixon**
 * 3) **Martin Luther King Jr.**
 * 4) **Ronald Reagan**
 * 5) **Jimmy Carter**
 * 6) **Gerald Ford**
 * 7) **George Bush**
 * 8) **Malcolm X**
 * 9) **Robert Kennedy**
 * 10) Aretha Franklin
 * 1) **Vietnamization**
 * 2) **Watergate Scandal**
 * 3) **Nixon Resigns**
 * 4) **Womens Rights Movement**
 * 5) **Election of 1972**
 * 6) **Great Society**
 * 7) **Tet Offensive**
 * 8) **Iraq War**
 * 9) **SALT**
 * 10) **Olympic Games Terrorist Attack**

**Lyndon Johnson** Ellen

-36th President of the United States from 1963-1969 gaining office after Kennedy's assassination. -37th Vice President-Designed the "Great Society" which included civil rights, medicaid, medicare, environmental protection, educations, and his "war on poverty" -Escalated the involvement of Americans in the Vietnam War which resulted in a huge anti-war movement -Served as a US Representative, Senator, US Majority Leader, and a Senate Majority Whip -One of only four people who served in all four elected federal offices

[]

**Nixon** **Courtney**

Richard Nixon was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974. From California, he attended college there and eventually graduated at Duke University in law. He was in the navy during World War II, and eventually became interested in politics soon after. In 1952, he became Eisenhower's Vice President for 8 years. In 1968, he ran in the election and won. His policies consisted of switching the power of the federal government more to the states. He was involved in the Vietnam War during his presidency as well. In 1972, it was time to run again. So came about the Watergate Scandal. A group of men had broken into the Watergate Hotel where the headquarters for the Democratic Convention was taking place. They found out much information about Nixon's rival in the election and used it against him, as well as stealing money and such. They were caught, and Nixon hid the crime from the public. However, it was revealed that Nixon had illegally hid the crime using the power of the President, and the United States sued Nixon. Just before Congress was to impeach him, he resigned as President in 1974. He died in 1994 at the age of 81. []

**Martin Luther King Jr.** **Cordon**




 * Led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, igniting the Civil Rights Movement of the 60’s
 * Organized the March on Washington, where he delivered his “I Have a Dream Speech”
 * His work largely contributed to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
 * Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10,1964
 * Assassinated on April 4, 1968 by James Earl Ray

Martin Luther King Jr. was, and still is, the icon of racial equality. His work and effort to end social discrimination largely contributed to the equality between all races that still stands today. His landmark “I Have a Dream” speech brought to the eyes of America how damaged our country was without full equality. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public schooling, workplaces, and public facilities. His nonviolent protests showed the world equality could be obtained peacefully.

[] [] [|http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/king/aa_king_subj.htm][|l]

Ronald Reagan Mckayla

Ronald Reagan was the 40th president serving in office from 1981 to 1989. Before becoming president he was the 33rd governor of California as well as a radio, film, and TV actor. As president Reagan focused on adding new political and economic ideas into American society. His "Reaganomics" policies advocated cutting taxes, less government regulation of business, and increase government spending. Reagan served two terms, and he won the election of 1964 by a landslide. During his second term he focused a lot of his actions on foreign affairs. Some of his foreign policies include: ending the cold war, 1968 bombing of Libya, Iran Contra Affair, and his anti-communist strategy of Detente.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/ronaldreagan/


 * Jimmy Carter**
 * Cordon**



Jimmy Carter was often regarded as “too nice” to be the President of the United States. His peppy attitude and lack of intimidation caused many of Carter’s plans to never be placed into effect. By the end of his term, his SALT II plans had been shot down, the Iran hostage crisis was still unresolved, and the energy crisis of the late 1970’s all causing Carter’s popularity with the American people plummet. [] []
 * 39th President, serving from 1977-1981 (Won the election of 1976)
 * Strong advocate of Human Rights
 * Brought peace between Israel and Egypt at the Camp David Accords
 * Extremely unpopular by the end of his term

**Gerald Ford** **Courtney** Gerald Ford was the 38th President of the United States of America. He was Vice President to Nixon in 1973 and 1974, so when Nixon resigned from Presidency, Ford took over until 1977. Ford was somewhat responsible for the slowly but surely closure of the Vietnam War by taking out troops over time. He had to deal with stagflation issues in the economy of America, including inflation and a very poor system. In his younger years, Ford was acutally an Eagle Scott, and played line backer for University of Michingan as an undergraduate student. []

**Robert Kennedy** **McKayla**

Robert Kennedy was an American politician, a democratic senator, and a well known civil rights activist. Kennedy served under his brother John F. Kennedy and acted as one of his advisers. After his brothers death, he remained under Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency and was the US Attorney General. In 1968 Robert decided to break away from Lyndon's reign, and start his own presidential campaign. He began the running leader for the candidate of the democratic party. This was ruined by his fatal death when he was shot after making his victory speech for becoming the democratic party candidate. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkennedyR.htm

**Malcolm X** **Joe**

Malcom Little, or El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz as some people called him, was an african-american minister and a human rights activist. In the eyes of Malcolm X's admirers he was considered a courageous advocate for black rights and a man who indicted whites for their brutal and harsh crimes on the african-americans. Those who opposed his ways claimed he was preaching racism, black power, and anti-semitism. Malcolm X's views on segregation changed over time, in the beginning many say he advocated seperation of races and black unity, which went against the beliefs of civil rights activists, such as MLK. In later years his views switched and he was willing to work with civil rights activists. Malcolm X was assassinated at the age of 39 when preparing to give a speech, he died of a gun shot wound to the chest. Many consider Malcolm X to be one of the most influential african-americans in the history of the United States. []

**George Bush** **Joe**

The first George Bush was the 41st President of the United States and is currently the oldest surving president. He was Ronald Reagan's Vice President from 1881-1889. He served onlyy 1 term, he was elected in 1988 and served from 1989-1993. The policy that drove the Bush campaign was Foreign Policy. There were military operations executed in Panama and the Persian Gulf and the Berlin Wall fell which led to the dissolve of the Soviet Union only 2 years later. President during the first Iraq War, there leader, Saddam Hussein, invaded the country of Kuwait and Bush led the force and laid out the plans to congress on how to drive the Iraqis out. He lost in the 1992 election to Bill Clinton. [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H_W_Bush#First_term_.281981.E2.80.931985.29] Aretha Franklin Ellen Tootoo -"Queen of Soul" -A huge idol in both music and song writing. -Won 18 Grammys and 2 Honorary Grammys -Had 20 number one singles -Between 1967-1982 she had 10 number 1 albums which at the time was more than any other female artist -Was the first female inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame []

**Vietnamization** **Cordon**




 * Richard Nixon’s policy for “handing the war” off to the South Vietnamese
 * Withdrew American soldiers while still supplied the South Vietnamese army with supplies and military advice
 * Took America out of the highly unpopular war by not making them look coward-ish
 * Went hand in hand with Nixon’s Détente policy

Vietnamization is often reflected upon as an honorable way of America’s withdrawal from the Vietnam War. Nixon had pledged to the American people to pull our soldiers out of the war, and by aiding the South Vietnamese with supplies and advice, he did just that while at the same time not allowing the South Vietnamese army collapse. By the end of 1973, over half a million soldiers had been brought back to American soil. Vietnamization was a popular policy for Nixon.

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**Watergate Scandal**




 * Burglars working for the Committee to Re-elect the President were caught breaking into the Watergate Hotel, stealing official democratic campaign documents, and bugging the room campaign officials
 * The scandal wasn’t blown up until two reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernsteing, published articles concerning their scandal with aided information from an inside source known as “Deep Throat”
 * Nixon’s attempt to cover up the crime failed when he was found to have edited tapes used for evidence in the US v. Nixon trial
 * Overall, 48 government officials were arrested and found guilty, and Nixon’s reputation had been destroyed

The Watergate Scandal and Nixon’s involvement is one of America’s shames, being an example of an abuse of the Presidential power. The scandal was designed to gather information about Democratic campaign strategies. After being caught, and the scandal falling on Richard Nixon, the reputation of the president as well as the Republican Party was shattered. Our President was forced to either resign or be impeached, and sensibly made the decision to resign. Nixon never admitted to openly knowing about the scandal, but soon after his resignation, President Jimmy Carter issued him a full unconditional pardon. []


 * Nixon Resigns**
 * Mckayla**
 * President Richard Nixon's resignation took place on August 9, 1974. After losing all political respect from American's because of the Watergate Scandal, Nixon decided it was best for himself, and his country that he no longer continued his presidency. He presented a speech that was delivered from the Oval office that was live on TV for everyone to listen in on. He asked during his speech that everyone support the new president, Gerald Ford. Nixon also spoke, and boasted about his accomplishments as president especially with his foreign affair policies but didn't admit to his scandal. American's lost more respect for Nixon at this point, and was glad he was out of office.**


 * Womans Rights Movement**
 * Ellen**


 * -Made up of mostly middle class women**
 * -Took part in a spirit of rebellion to fight for womens rights and better equality.**
 * -Feminism**
 * -ERA, Constitution**

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1972
 * Election of 1972**
 * Mckayla**
 * -47th presidential election**
 * -Democrat candidate: George McGovern**
 * -Republican candidate: Richard Nixon**
 * -Nixon won this election by a landslide. Americans loved his campaign. He emphasized a good economy, ending war in Vietnam, and formation of a relationship with China.**

Great Society Courtney

The Great Society was the name of President Lyndon Johnson's Domestic Agenda. It was greatly influenced by President Roosevelt's domestic agenda, the New Deal programs. However, the programs aimed at different subjects than the New Deal, for the changing factors of society. The Great Society consisted of programs that are still around today that help millions of Americans, such as Medicaid and Medicare. Although this agenda was fighting for support with the Vietnam War intact, it was somewhat successful because of the fight for spending purposes in the government. These programs originally created by Johnson and his administation were further expanded upon by President Nixon and President Ford in the 70s. []
 * Lyndon Johnson's domestic agenda
 * Elimination of Poverty
 * Racial injustice
 * Medicare/Medicaid
 * New Deal Programs


 * Tet Offensive**
 * Courtney**




 * Vietnam War
 * Great Society Programs
 * Lunar New Year Festivities
 * Communism
 * Domino Theory

The Tet Offensive was a campaign in the Vietnam War launched in 1968. North Vietnam forced it on South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies. No attacks were supposed to take place because it was the Lunar New Year in Vietnam which was always celebrated and there was many Tet festivities taking place. However, North Vietnam thought it would be an excellent idea to take advantage of the fact that South Vietnam was not going to attack at this time, so they fired on them. It was the biggest attack yet in the Vietnam War, and South Vietnam was not prepared for this suprise, which is exactly what North Vietnam wanted. Many more battles took place because of the offensive measure, and it was the start of a more serious and aggressive war between the neighboring countries. []

The Persian Gulf War, otherwise known Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Iraq War, was a war waged by a United Nations-authorized military force from 34 nations, headed by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's annexation and invasion of Kuwait. [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War#Invasion_of_Kuwait]
 * Iraq War**
 * Joe**
 * invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces
 * Saddam Hussein was in enourmous debt with western Europe and was in need of oil
 * Iraq believed Kuwait was part of Iraq, igniting ,many confrentations over the years
 * belief that Kuwait was tapping into Iraq's oil
 * the strained relations between Bahgdad and Kuwait after the first Persian Gulf War

S.AL.T, or the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, refers to two rounds talks and international treaties corresponding with the Soviet Union and the United States; the two Cold War superpowers and the two major countries partaking in the war. The S.A.L.T. talks were on the issue of armament control. There were two talks SALT I and SALT II, SALT I led to the Anti- Ballistic Treaty, which was a temporary agreement between the two countries. []
 * SALT**
 * Joe**
 * SALT II was influenced by the talks of SALT I
 * the nuclear arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States
 * The Cold War
 * the mass amount of nuclear weapons being manufactured in both countries, U.S. and U.S.S.R.
 * Soviet invasion of Afghanistan- led to the U.S. not to ratify the treaty in SALT II
 * Olympics Games**
 * Ellen**

-Took place in West Germany from August 26-September 5 -Group of terrorists was named Black September and called their attack "Ikrit and Biram" -One of the reasons they decided to attack is because they demanded the release of 234 prisoners held in the israeli jails and were not granted their comand. -11 total people were killed which included coaches, athletes, and police officers. -5 of the 8 members of Black September were killed by police officers. -In response to the attacks Israel sent Operation Spring Youth and Operation Wrath of God, but they were stopped almost immediately.

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